Use of the Internet by the Post Graduate Students of INMANTEC, Ghaziabad: A Survey
Syed Ahtisham Raza Naqvi
Dy. Librarian,
INMANTEC Institutions, Ghaziabad (UP)
Pushpendra Pratap Singh Sengar
Dy.Librarian,
NIPCCD,New Delhi
Abstract
The article describes in brief, a survey conducted at the Integrated Academy of Management and Technology (INMANTEC), to find out the use of the Internet by Post Graduate students. Describing the frequency of using of Internet and problems faced while using the Internet. The article also explains, in brief, the satisfaction level in getting the required information through the internet, the types of search engines they used, and what types of literature they search on the internet. Hence a survey of 110 Postgraduate students of different disciplines (PGDM+MCA) was conducted through a questionnaire. Finally, it concludes that the main intention of using internet resources is in the academic interest of the users.
Introduction
Today, the Internet plays a vital role in the teaching, research, and learning process. It is assumed that all types of students in the world feel more dependent on the Internet for their research, project works, and assignments and for all latest information of their subject areas than conventional resources of information. In other words, Internet has become a global source of information resources accessible at any time by anyone from anywhere in the world. It has converted the whole world into a global information society. It has tremendously improved communication and interaction among the scientific research community and enabled them to access a vast range of the latest information. It acts as a powerful supplement to the traditional way of information access.
The Internet has emerged as a formidable social and cultural institution of global proportions facilitating access to a wealth of information on the web for the academic society to support their academic and research activities. The use of Information Technology helps increase the research productivity of scholars. (Misra and Satyanarayan, 2001).
In the age of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the use of the Internet has become the norm. The craving for the Internet stems from its central role in ICT with access to free online journals, magazines, and other information resources any time and from anywhere from academic and research purposes (Kode and Kode, 2003).
Communication technology plays a vital role in the development of society. Vast amounts of data are transmitted in seconds, and Internet access offers unimaginably large amounts of information, data, and interpreted materials. As a powerful and dynamic tool for communication, it is the largest single source of information at the global level. (Maheswarappa and Emmanuel, 2003).
The objective of the study
The main objective of the study is to analyze the use of the Internet by Post Graduate Students of Integrated Academy of Management and Technology (INMANTEC), Ghaziabad. The objectives of the present study are:
To know the frequency of Internet use by students.
To know suitable place/ location to use the Internet by students.
To find out the most visited website by students
To find out the different purposes for browsing the Internet by students.
To identify the ways to browse information from the internet by students.
To know the favorite search engines used by students.
To find out the problem faced by the students while using the Internet.
To identify the user satisfaction with the Internet facilities.
Scope and limitation:
The study is limited to only 110 Postgraduate students of management and computer science of Integrated Academy of Management and Technology, Ghaziabad.
Methodology:
Keeping in view the objectives of the study a well-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to collect the data for the present study. Questionnaires were distributed to 130 Post Graduate Students. A total number of 110 out of 130 respondents returned the questionnaires giving a response rate of 85 percent. The responses received from 110 Post Graduate Students are analyzed using tables and charts.
Data Analysis
Analysis of data is an important step in any research process. It is a link between raw data and significant results. The present study reports the analysis of data gathered through a structured questionnaire.
Experience of Internet Use
In the digital era, every library, Information center, Institute, and home computer is well equipped with an internet facility. The result of the analysis shows that most students are using the internet for long years.
Table 1: Internet Use
Internet Use
Students
Percentage
Less than 1 year
12
10.90
1-2 years
21
19.09
2-3 years
32
29.09
More than 3 years
45
40.90
Total
110
100
Table -1 The question was asked to find out the facts such as when did the users start using the Internet and how long they had been using the Internet. It was found that 45 (40.90%) of them had been using the Internet for more than 3 years. Another 32 (29.09 %) respondents had used it for 2-3 years; 21 (19.09%) respondents had used it for 1-2 years and 12 (10.90 %) respondents had used it for less than 1 year.
Frequency of Internet Use
The data collected from PG students of PGDM & MCA was further analyses to find out the frequency of Internet Use which is represented in Table 2
Table 2: Frequency of Internet Use
Frequency
Students
Percentage
Daily
78
70.90
2-3 times a week
21
19.09
Once in a month
4
3.63
2-3 times in a month
7
6.36
Total
110
100
Table 2 shows that 78 (70.9%) students used Internet services daily, 21(19.09%) students indicated that they used Internet 2-3 times a week, 4 (3.63%) students used it once in a month, 7(6.36%) students used 2-3 times in a month.
Most Suitable Location for Internet Use
An Attempts was made to find out the suitable place for internet use which is represented in Table 3
Table 3: location of Internet use
Location
Students
Percentage
Inf. Resource Centre (IRC)
24
21.81
Internet Computer Centre (ICC)
38
34.54
Hostel/Home
28
25.25
Cyber Cafe
15
13.63
Any other place
5
4.54
Total
110
100
Table 3 highlights the location from where the Internet is mostly accessed by the students, the majority of students used Internet through ICC 38 (34.54%) students, and hostel/home 28(25.25%) students while 24(21.81%) students and 15 (13.63%) students used the Internet at IRC and Cyber café respectively. Only 5(4.54%) students used it at their other place.
Most visited website
An attempt was made to analyze data to know the most visited website which is represented in Table 4
Table 4: Most visited website
Most visited website
Students
Percentage
Academic website
71
64.54
News
6
5.45
Entertainment
19
17.27
Sports
04
3.63
Any other website
10
9.09
Total
110
100
Table 4 shows that 71(64.54%) students used the Internet for academic purposes, 19(17.27%) students for entertainment purposes, 6(5.45%) students for news, 4 (3.63%) students for sport and any other purpose 10 (9.09%) students for using the purpose of the Internet.
Purposes for Browsing Internet
An attempt was made to analyze data to know the purpose for browsing the Internet which is represented in Table 5
Table 5: Purposes for Browsing Internet
Purposes for Browsing Internet
Students
Percentage
Assignment/Project work
78
70.90
Entertainment
6
5.45
E-mail / Communication
22
20
Any other work
4
3.63
Total
110
100
Table 5 shows that the purposes of browsing the internet by students,78 (70.90%) students using for preparation of assignment/project work, 6 (5.45%) students use for entertainment, 22 (20%) students use for E-mail/communication and 4 (3.63%) students for any other work.
Ways to Browse Information through the Internet
An attempt was made to analyze the data to know the ways of browsing information through the internet which represents in Table 6
Table 6 Ways to Browse Information through the Internet
Ways to Browse
Students
Percentage
Type the Web address directly
4
3.63
Use search engines
98
89.09
Take Expert Help
3
2.72
Any other Source
5
4.54
Total
110
100
Table 6 shows that 98 (89.09%) students mentioned that they browse the required information on the internet through the search engines, 4 (3.63%) students mentioned that they type the address directly in the address bar, 3 (2.72) students mentioned that they take expert help and 5 (4.54%) students use any other source for browsing the required information.
Problems Encountered While Using the Internet
An attempt was made to analyze the data and try to find out problems encountered while using the internet which represents in Table 8
Table 8: Problems Encountered While Using Internet
Problem
Students
Percentage
Slow access speed
14
12.72
Difficulty in finding relevant information
26
23.63
The allotted time slot is insufficient
28
25.45
Overload of Information on the Internet
38
34.54
Any other
4
3.63
Total
110
100
Table 8 it is observed that the students faced various problems while using the Internet. 14 (12.72%) students indicated that they faced a slow access speed while using the Internet. 26 (23.63%) students faced difficulty in finding the relevant information while 38 (34.54%) students encountered an Overload of Information on the Internet. Students were not happy with the allotted time slot. 4 (3.63%) students mentioned any other problem.
Frequently used Search Engines
An attempt was made to analyze data to find out the most frequently used Search Engines which represent in Table 7
Table 7: Frequently used Search Engines
Search Engines
Response
%age
Google
76
69.09
Yahoo
23
20.90
AltaVista
00
00
Rediff
05
4.54
MSN
02
1.81
Others
04
3.63
Total
110
100
.
Internet users become habitual of using the same search engine. Table 6 made it clear that 76 (69.09%) students use Google as the favorite search engine to access information followed by Yahoo 23 (20.90%), 5 (4.54%) students are using Rediff, 2 (1.81%) are using MSN and 4 (3.63%) students are using other search engines like ASK, Lycos
User Satisfaction with Internet Facilities
An attempt was made to analyze data to find out the satisfaction level of students with internet facilities which is represented in Table 9
Table 9: User Satisfaction with Internet Facilities
User Satisfaction
Students
Percentage
Fully
21
19.09
Partially
62
56.36
Least satisfied
14
12.72
No comments
13
11.81
Total
110
100
Table 9 shows that 62(56.36%) students were partially satisfied with Internet facilities, 20 (19.09%) students were fully satisfied, 14 (12.72%) students were least satisfied and 13(11.81%) students had no comments regarding the facilities.
Conclusion and Findings of the study: The use of the internet becomes the routine of life nowadays. The students are expected to use the internet frequently. Major findings of the study are:
The study shows that majority of students (40.90%) had been using the Internet for more than 3 years.
The majority of the students (50%) used the Internet on daily basis for their day-to-day information requirements.
The study reveals that the maximum number of students used the Internet through Computer lab (35%) and Hostel/home (25%).
71% of the students browse academic websites, followed by the Entertainment website with 17% students.
78% of students used the Internet for their academic needs (assignment/project work) followed by email /Communication 20%
The majority of the students (89%) browsed the information from search engines.
Most of the students (79%) preferred the Google search engine, followed by Yahoo with 23% students.
38% of students encountered an overburden of information, 28 % feels that the allotted time slot is not sufficient they wanted more time, 26% of students faced difficulty in finding relevant information 14% faced slow internet speed rest 4 % have other problems.
62% of the students were partially satisfied with the Internet facilities, followed by 21% fully satisfied students.
Reference:
Chopkar, HD., Khaparde, VS., and Kalbande(2010), “Internet Usage by Students of Management Science of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad: A Study” edited by Lata Suresh, Knowledge Dissemination Through Libraries and Information Centres. New Delhi. KBD Publication.
Misra, J. & Satyanarayana, N R. (2001), “Users of the Internet in a University Library: A case study”, ILA BULLETIN, Vol37 No.4, pp.132-134.
Th. Purnima Devi and Y. Herojit Singh Internet Users: A Study of Manipur University Library, RESOURCE USAGE STUDIES – TH. PURNIMA DEVI AND Y. HEROJIT SINGH 563
Asemi, A. (2005), “Information searching habits of Internet users: A case study on the Medical Sciences University of Isfahan (MUI), Iran”, Webology. Vol.1 No.2
Luambano, I., & Nawe, J. (2004), “Internet use by students of the University of Dar E Salaam”, Library Hi-Tech News, Vol.10, pp.13-17.
Maheswarappa, B.S., & Ebnazar, C.E. (2003), “Use of Internet resources and services in Gulbarga City: An exploratory study”, SRELS Journal of Information Management, Vol.40 No.4, pp. 409-420.
Kode, S. & Kode, A. (2003), “Free online serials in area of Library and information science” Annals of Library and information studies, Vol. 50 No.4, pp. 146-152. Available: http://www.niscair.res.in/
Tuesday, 21 September 2021
Use of Internet by the Post Graduate Students of INMANTEC, Ghaziabad: A Survey
Migration from Print to Electronic Information Resources: An Overview
Migration from Print to Electronic Information Resources:
An Overview
Monawwer Eqbal
Librarian
INMANTEC Institutions, Ghaziabad (UP)
Pushpendra Pratap Singh Sengar
Sr. Asst. Librarian,
INMANTEC Institutions, Ghaziabad (UP)
Syed Ahtisham Raza Naqvi
Asst. Librarian,
INMANTEC Institutions, Ghaziabad (UP)
Abstract
Internet and web are constantly influencing the development of new modes of scholarly communication; their potential for delivering goods is quite vast, as they overcome successfully the geographical limitations associated with the print media. This paper explains types of electronic information resource and also trying to highlight the benefits of the electronic information resources over conventional sources of information. Electronic information resources as a vehicle of scientific communication are an established entity today. They are becoming popular both in the form of e-books and e-journals.
Keywords: e-Resource, Digital Age, e-Book, e-Journal e-Newspaper, Webopac, e-Groups
Introduction:
It is significant to note that the shift from print to electronic is not merely a technological evolution, but requires a change in the paradigm by which people access and interact with information. The total number of books produced since printing began does not exceed one billion. (The number of books now published annually is less than one million) If an average book occupies 500 pages at 2,000 characters per page, then even without compression it can be stored comfortably in one megabyte. Therefore, one million megabyte are sufficient to store all books.This is 10 byte, or one petabyte. At commercial prices of $20 per gigabyte, this amount of disk storage capacity could be purchased for $20 million. So, it is certainly feasible to consider storing all books digitally. Access to knowledge is fundamental to education and research, the improvement of lives and the creation of human capital upon which the development of societies depends. Yet many people around the world are at risk of being left behind in the digital age. Without access to high quality information and resources, the citizens and future leaders in developing and transition countries are at a severe disadvantage in terms of sustainable socio-economic, political and cultural development Effective libraries play a key role in the provision of information and services to people in a wide range of fields from health care to engineering, from agriculture to education, thereby supporting scholarship, research and livelihoods in a variety of ways.
Types of Print Information Sources
Books and Text books: Books come in a multitude of topics. Because of the time it takes to publish a book, books usually contain more dated information than will be found in journals and newspapers.
Newspapers: Predominately covering the latest events and trends, newspapers contain very up-to-date information. Newspapers report both information that is factual in nature and also share opinions. Generally they will not take a “big picture” approach or contain information about larger trends.
Academic and Trade Journals: Academic and trade journals are where to find the most up-to-date information and research in industry, business, and academia. Journal articles come in several forms, including literature reviews which overview about current and past research, articles on theories and history or articles on specific processes or research.
Government Reports and Legal Documents: The government releases information intended for its own use or for public use. These types of documents can be an excellent source of information. An example of a government report is the U.S. Census data. Most government reports and legal documents can now be accessed online.
Press Releases and Advertising: Companies and special interest groups produce texts to help persuade readers to act in some way or inform the public about some new development.
Flyers, Pamphlets, Leaflets: While some flyers or pamphlets are created by reputable sources, because of the ease in which they are created, many less-than-reputable sources also produce these. They are useful for quick reference or very general information.
Multimedia: Printed material is certainly not the only option for finding research. Also consider media sources such as radio and television broadcasts, interactive talks, and public meetings.
Reasons for Access Electronic Information Resource
Electronic information resources are available 24x7 it allow multiple concurrent users, are more current than their print counterparts, support distance education, reach to remote and underserved areas and have no constraint of time and location besides saving library space. These sources can be searched, browsed and interlinked with other publications and databases, downloaded and saved in different formats for future use.
An e-resource is defined as a resource which requires computer access or any electronic product that delivers a collection of data, be it text referring to full text bases, electronic journals, image collections, other multimedia products and numerical, graphical or time based, as a commercially available title that has been published with an aim to being marketed. These may be delivered on CD ROM, on tape, via Internet and so on.
Although each format stands alone a few general points can be made about the use of electronic Information resources in libraries. Even, if a number of people are still firmly wedded to print, the paperless, electronic format brings users into greater contact with library collections, while also providing librarians with an easier way of acquiring usage statistics. They allow a greater degree of interaction with a library’s community through the use of blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, and e-mails. Even if users are coming into the library less frequently, the library can still operate as a portal, offering guidance for web-surfing and providing access to a broad range of electronic information resources, perhaps for the first time. There are numerous references to "24/7" access to library collections in the literature. Furthermore, disabled people can access much library information at home and resources such as e-books are customisable in terms of background colour and font size, can be configured to read out text, and have easy-to-turn pages. Difficult-to-reach communities, particularly the poorer classes who may not have home access to computers, might be more greatly involved by an electronic library.
Electronic information resources also fit within an emerging international political ethos. Research, particularly scientific, is currently undertaken on a global basis and internet networking facilitates this, as recognized by at least one online scientific journal. In sum, particularly considering that they can also suggest solutions to some thornier storage issues and make searching and answering queries easier, the advantages of relying on electronic information resources are undeniable.
Figure 1: Mapping of Electronic Information Resources
Types of Electronic Information Resources
E-Books: “e Book- A book composed in or converted to digital format for display on a computer screen or handheld device” – (Merriam-Webster.com)
The book is quiet popular document to meet the academic needs of user community. Publishing a book electronically is to achieve quick publishing and dissemination of information. Electronic versions of book which are delivered to patrons of digital formats are called E-book. E-book devices are developed to read e-books. E-book devices are a larger form of PDAs with extended reading features. E-book contents can deliver in various forms: via internet, CD-ROM etc. [1]
Electronic book are too quick publishing and dissemination of information.
Fig.1 eBook
E-newspaper: E-newspaper is also the part of paperless society. Through online communication system broadcasting of the e-newspaper to large number of recipients is there and most of the working class is enjoying it.
Fig.2 e-Newspaper
E-Journals: Electronic journals are serial publications where end products are made available in digital format and whose contents may not be peer-reviewed. Two media, viz. CD-ROM and internet are used for the dissemination of the e-journals. The advantage of the CD-ROM is that in libraries and information centers, it can be handled just like conventional printed form.E-Journals may be defined very broadly as any journals, magazine, e’zine, webzine, newsletters or any type of electronic serial publication, which is available over the Internet.
Fig.3 e-Journal
E-zine: E-zine is the abbreviation for electronic magazine. The electronic accessibility of magazine is very useful for the user of the library, as many users can access the issues simultaneously; it saves the cost of extra copies for the library and information centers.
Fig.4 e-zine
E-Database: E-database is the most important and highly used electronics media among the library professional for information retrieval purpose.The online database is called Electronic database. The online electronic library card catalog i.e. Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) explain how information can be published and facilities user to search the document with various aspects like author, title, subject. A variety of electronic databases publishers nowadays comprise publishing information both bibliographic and full text on CD-ROMs in addition to making them available for online retrieval.
Fig.5 e-Database
Floppy Disk: Floppy disk was a removable magnetic storage medium mainly used for PC. Floppy disks are slower to access than hard disks and have less storage capacity, but they are much less expensive and portable.
CD-ROMs: CD-ROM is an optical medium for the storage and distribution of vast volume of computerized information. CD-ROM with its tremendous storage capacity and long shelf-life seemed to be an ideal medium for breakup and archival of data. Almost all publishing products such as full texts, available in CD-ROM.
DVDs : DVD- Digital video disc or Digital Versatile Disc for the computer industry is the next generation to compact disc in optical storage technology. A DVDs has higher data storage capacity. This has a capacity of packing seven times data on the same surface areas as that of the CD-ROM. DVD has a great potentiality for storage and distribution of large amount of data in electronic form and shall be able to expand new horizon of information dissemination feature.
E-Thesis and E-Research Reports: Scientist, research scholars, etc. now a day’s consider as an important electronic Information resources of a library, which contains reports, publish e-repots. This is very useful service as far as the libraries in the academic field are concerned. It reduces the duplication of research works and gives assistance for the selection of the research area to the users of the libraries. Technical reports from yet another important and essential collection in the libraries. Technical reports are essentially the results of practical studies where theory and assumptions are tested and implemented. Procurement of technical reports was challenging task to libraries. Libraries used to put a lot of efforts to locate the sources of origin and identity the suppliers for acquisition.
Fig.6 e-Thesis
Web-OPAC: The collection of the library can be accessed through on-line catalogue-Web OPAC. It allows simple and complex, multi-field search (using Boolean logic) options. The search results are displayed with minimal information. The selected item can be displayed in full format. The output also gives information whether a particular document is already loaned to any member and the scheduled date of its return. The interest members can make reservation/ claim to borrow on return of such documents.
Fig.7 Web-OPAC
Advantages of E-resources
An electronic information resource offers enormous benefits. They provide users faster, more convenient and anytime access from home, campus or library as well as it has special features such as hypertext link to related information graphics, audio, video and animation. Online retrieval of information has become popular. These resources also offer benefits to libraries. Electronic information can provide a number of advantages over traditional print based sources. They open up the possibility of searching multiple files at one time. Through these resources a file can be accomplished more easily than using printed equivalents. One main advantage especially to distant learners or those who have limited time to access to the libraries is that they can effectively access to the libraries by dialing up process.
On-Demand availability
Cannot be lost, stolen and damaged
More than one user can use it simultaneously
Timely access
Access from anywhere any time
No physical space requirements
Any change in e-resources can be made available quickly
Customizable search interface
Easily transported
Disadvantages
E-Resource can be browsed in an electronic environment. It needs a computer, internet facilities to access online. If server goes down information is temporally lost. Even in the libraries once the subscription is cancelled access to archival is also lost. Therefore librarians should keep archival copies saved in different folder to access offline.
Lack of availability
Lack of accessibility
Usability Issues
Uneven Source Quality
Decreased Ease of use
Difference between Print and Electronic Information Resource
Print Resources
Electronic Information Resources
Non-interactive.
Interaction can be included.
Continuously presented.
Each document can be split into multiple hyper linked pages.
No links to further information except through the contents pages and index
Links can be provided to further information through hyper linking.
User training not required.
Basic training required to access information.
Technology independent.
Technology dependent.
Conclusion
The library is obviously the source of power of knowledge. In higher education and research, the use of library is a matter of concerns to students, teachers and researchers. The exponential growth of literature often creates problems for them to access appropriate literature and their use. The problem has, however, considerably been resolved with the help of information and communication technology (ICT). The use of information technology for management and handling of information and data has grown significantly even in many least developed countries and despite their economic constraints.
Libraries provide a gateway to all kinds of information. Librarians-professional information managers, collect, classify, organize and provide access to information. Now ,the internet and www play an important role to disseminate vast amounts of information resources. Librarians also help to develop strategies for finding and using the most appropriate for research/ study.
Reference:
Velmurugan, C. (2011), “Recent Trends and Developments in Electronic Publishing in Academic Libraries and Knowledge Centre in India”, in Eqbal, M. (Ed.) “Information Professionals: Issue and Challenges in Digital Age, New Delhi, Pragun Publication, pp. 307-311.
Doraswamy Naick, B.R. (2009), “Information Retrieval in University using Automated Library System and E-resources”, in Kataria, S. , Nigam, B.S. and Shukla, R.K. (Ed.) “ Emerging Trends and Technologies in Libraries and Information Services, New Delhi, KBD Publications, pp.516-524
Eqbal, M., Upadhyay, A.K. and Sengar, P.P.S.(2006), “ Electronic Journals-Trends and Implications for Libraries”, Technology and Management Trends : Perspective and Opportunities for Library Professionals, Proceeding of the VIII Manlibnet Convention on Technology and Management Trends, Ahmadabad, September 18-20, 2006, pp.32-38
Bajpai, R. P., Mal, Bidyut K. & Bajpai, Geetanjali (2010). Use of E-resources through Consortia: A Boon to Users of Indian University Libraries.pp500-503. <http://crl.du.ac.in/ical09/ papers/index files/ical-85_83_195_2_RV.pdf>. Accessed on, 2011.
Ketchell,Debra S.(2000).Too Many Channels :Making sense out of portals and personalization.Information Technology and Libraries 19 (4):175-179
OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS IN THE FIELD OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DOAJ: A STUDY
OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS IN THE FIELD OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DOAJ: A STUDY
Dr. Monawwer Eqbal
Librarian
INMANTEC Institutions, Ghaziabad (UP)
Syed Ahtisham Raza Naqvi
Asst. Librarian,
INMANTEC Institutions, Ghaziabad (UP)
Pushpendra Pratap Singh Sengar
Sr. Asst. Librarian,
INMANTEC Institutions, Ghaziabad (UP)
Introduction
Open Access (OA), a relatively new model for academic publishing, provides free online digital content that is usually written by scientist and scholars for peer-reviewed journals and articles in the scientific, technical and medical (STM) niche. Utilization of any piece of information can be worldwide only when it is accessible freely without any barrier. Research is going all over world, and it is just like a dump if it is not available to all, which necessitates the free access to this vital information
Online electronic journals are available on the internet as open access journals. Open access online electronic journals can be accessed by anyone at anytime without any subscription charges. Open access means users can read, download, copy, print, or link to the full texts of these articles. Open access electronic journal can play vital role in academic institutions as journals subscription costs are increasing with little increase in library budgets. However these valuable collections are difficult to overview and integrate in the library and information services provided by libraries for their user constituency.
Definition of "open access" from the BOAI: "By 'open access' mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited."
E-journals:
Electronics journals have become major resources in scholarly research. The history of e-journals began with the full text database offered by DIALOG in 1980. With the emergence if internet; revolution took place in the journal and periodical publication sector. Now major publishers are using internet and the web as a global way for making their publication available to all. Access to e-journals mean rights to access.
David Pullinger and Brain Schkel (1990) defined e-journals as “one whose text input may be entered directly by a computer or by other file transfer mechanism in a machine readable form, editorial processing is facilitated by a computer and those article are thus made available in electronic form to readers.”
Lancaster (1995) opined that “an electronic journal is created for the electronic medium and is available only in this medium”. In general the e-journal can be defined as “a journal that is available in electronic form through online host called e-journal.
Objectives of the Study
Make awareness amongst the faculty and research scholars of the Library and Information Science discipline through the library professionals;
To provide an exhaustive list of Library and Information Science subject journals so, that the library professionals easily helped them;
To know the country-wise distribution of open access journals on the DOAJ;
To know the languages in which is widely open access journals are published;
To know the year-wise distribution of open access journals in field of Library and Information Science;
To know the usefulness of the Library and Information Science e-journals to other disciplines.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The said study is limited to the Library and Information Science E-journals which are listed on the DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). However, Researcher also discussed in brief about the different open access publishers and directories on the internet contain the different subject disciplines. For the study, all the Library and Information Science e-journals enlisted on the DOAJ since their publication started from 1975 has been taken.
Some of the publishers and directory for open access are given below.
Bioline International (http://www.bioline.org.br/) : Bioline International is a pioneer in the provision of open access to peer reviewed bioscience journals published in developing countries. These journals contain timely research on public health, international development, tropical medicine, food and nutritional security and biodiversity that would not otherwise be readily available to researchers in the developed world, or even within the country of publication. Bioline is not a publisher, but an aggregator that provides a free platform for journals who wish to participate in the global open access movement.
BioMed Central (http://www.biomedcentral.com/): BioMed Central is an independent publishing house committed to providing immediate free access to peer-reviewed biomedical research. All the original research articles in journals published by BioMed Central are immediately and permanently available online without charge. The site provides access to over 100 journals covering all areas of biology and medicine. Searchable and browsable. Registration required for searching.
Cochrane Library Online (http://www.thecochranelibrary.com)
Residents in a number of countries or regions can access The Cochrane Library online
for free through a ‘provision’ or a special scheme.
Free Medical Journals (http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/):The most important medical journals will be available online, free and in full-text. An open access medical textbook has been also publishing. The free medical journals site was created to promote the free availability of full text medical journals on the internet.
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (http://www.mdpi.com/): Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) is a Swiss based nonprofit organization for deposit and exchange of molecular and biomolecular samples. MDPI is also an open access publisher in chemistry since 1996. MDPI.com (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) is a platform for peer-reviewed, scientific open access journals which is operated by MDPI AG, based in Basel, Switzerland. MDPI publishes over 70 diverse electronic, open access journals. MDPI publishing activities are supported by more than 3000 active scientists on our journals' international editorial boards including several Nobelists. More than 60,000 unique authors already published with MDPI, and 150,000 scholars are in the pool of reviewers. MDPI.com counts more than 2,4 million webpage views monthly.
MedIND (http://medind.nic.in/) : MedIND, Provide Online access to full-text of Indian biomedical periodicals to the users in within and outside India. As such no such resource is available that provides full-text of major Indian biomedical periodicals. There are some Indian journals that are available full-text over the Internet, but as such no attempt has been made to compile all the journals at one place and make them available Online from one point. There are other journals of which just the contents, with or without abstracts are available over the Internet. Hence, a need is there for one such central resource that would make available full-text of the Indian biomedical journals.
Directory of Open Access Journals (http://www.doaj.org/): At first Nordic Conference on Scholarly Communication in Lund/Copenhagen, the idea of creating a comprehensive directory of Open Access Journals was discussed and hence the valuable service started for Global Research and Education Community. It was launched in 2003 with the aim of increasing the visibility and ease of use of open access scientific and scholarly journals, thereby promoting their increased usage and impact. This service covers free full text quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals. Includes listings for journals from a variety of subject areas and countries. Searchable, and browsable by subject or journal title from Lund University Libraries, Sweden. Directory of Open Access Journals is hosted, maintained and partly funded by Lund University Libraries Head Office. DOAJ also receiving finding from Open Society Institute, SPARK, SPPARK Europe, BIBSAM and Axiell.
Directory of Open Access Journals is to increase the visibility and ease of use of open access scientific and scholarly journals thereby promoting their increased usage and impact. The Directory provided to comprehensive and cover all open access scientific and scholarly journals that use a quality control system to guarantee the content. In short a one stop shop for users to Open Access Journals.
Today, DOAJ lists over 4250 journals published in 100 countries in more than 50 languages covering all scientific subjects with more than 1575 titles searchable at article level (covering almost 300,000 articles). DOAJ is browsed for the present paper.
l. No.
Name of the Journal
ISSN / EISSN
Open URL
Publisher
Country
Language
Start Year
1
ACIMED
10249435
/ 15612880
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1024-9435&lng=en&nrm=iso
Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas
Cuba
Spanish
1993
2
Alexandría : Revista de Ciencias de la Información
18120962
/ 19911653
http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/alexandria/
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Peru
Spanish, Portuguese
2006
3
Anales de Documentación
15752437
/ 16977904
http://revistas.um.es/analesdoc
Universidad de Murcia
Spain
Spanish, English, French
1998
4
Annals of Library & Information Studies
09725423
/ 09752404
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/66
INSDOC, NISCAIR
India
English
2002
5
Arabesques
12690589
http://www.abes.fr/abes/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabId=386
Agence bibliographique de l’enseignement supérieur (ABES)
France
French
2000
6
Ariadne
13613197
/ 13613200
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/
UKOLN. University of Bath
United Kingdom
English
1996
7
Arquivística.net
18084826
http://www.arquivistica.net/ojs/index.php
Arquivística.net
Brazil
Portuguese, English, Spanish
2005
8
B Sides
21556687
http://ir.uiowa.edu/bsides/
University of Iowa
United States
English
2010
9
Biblionline
18094775
http://www.ies.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/biblio/index
Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brazil
Portuguese
2005
10
Bibliosphere
13118803
http://bibliosphere.nbu.bg/
NBU Library
Bulgaria
Bulgarian
2001
11
Bibliotime Rivista Elettronica per le Biblioteche
11283564
http://didattica.spbo.unibo.it/bibliotime/
Università di Bologna
Italy
Italian
1998
12
BIBLOS : Revista do Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação
01024388
/22367594
http://www.seer.furg.br/
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Brazil
Portuguese, Spanish
2004
13
BiD : Textos Universitaris de Biblioteconomia i Documentació
15755886
http://www.ub.edu/bid/
Universitat de Barcelona
Spain
Catalan, Spanish, English, French
1998
14
Bilgi Dünyası
13023217
http://www.unak.org.tr/BilgiDunyasi/index.html
Üniversite ve Araştırma Kütüphanecileri Derneği
Turkey
Turkish, English
2002
15
Boletín de la Asociación Andaluza de Bibliotecarios
02136333
http://www.aab.es/Joomla/installation/index.php
Asociacion Andaluza de Bibliotecarios
Spain
Spanish
1999
16
The Bonefolder : an e-Journal for the Bookbinder and Book Artist
15556565
http://www.philobiblon.com/bonefolder/
The Book Arts Web - Peter D. Verheyen
United States
English
2004
17
Brazilian Journal of Information Science
19811640
http://www2.marilia.unesp.br/revistas/index.php/bjis
Universidade Estadual Paulista
Brazil
English, Portuguese
2007
18
Bulletin des bibliothèques de France
00062006
/ 12928399
http://bbf.enssib.fr/
French School of Librarianship and Information Science
France
French
1985
19
Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
19316550
http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/index.html
American Society for Information Science and Technology
United States
English
1995
20*
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
00257338
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/72/latest/
PubMed
United States
English
2001
21
Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal
10894667
http://www.iclc.us/cliej/
Internet Chinese Librarians Club
United States
English
1996
22
Ciência da Informação
01001965
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-1965&lng=en&nrm=iso
Instituto Brasileiro de Informacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia - IBICT
Brazil
Portuguese, Spanish, English
1997
23
Ciencias de la Información
08644659
/ 16064925
http://cinfo.idict.cu/index.php/cinfo
Centro de Estudios y Desarrollo Profesional en Ciencias de la Información
Cuba
Spanish
1999
24
Code4Lib Journal
19405758
http://journal.code4lib.org/
Code4Lib
United States
English
2007
25
Collaborative Librarianship
19437528
http://www.collaborativelibrarianship.org/
Regis University
United States
English
2009
26
Communications in Information Literacy
19335954
http://www.comminfolit.org/index.php?journal=cil
Communications in Information Literacy
United States
English
2007
27
Coordinates : Online Journal of the Map and Geography Round Table of the American Library Association. Series A
15533247
http://www.stonybrook.edu/libmap/coordinates/SeriesA.htm
American Library Association
United States
English
2005
28
Coordinates : Online Journal of the Map and Geography Round Table of the American Library Association. Series B
15533255
http://www.stonybrook.edu/libmap/coordinates/SeriesB.htm
American Library Association
United States
English
2005
29
Cuadernos de Documentación Multimedia
15759733
http://revistas.ucm.es/?name=Revistas2&id=CDMU
Universidad Complutense
Spain
Spanish
2003
30
Cybermetrics : International Journal of Scientometrics, Informetrics and Bibliometrics
11375019
http://cybermetrics.cindoc.csic.es/
Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica
Spain
English
1997
31
Cybrarians Journal
16872215
http://journal.cybrarians.info/
cybrarians, Cairo
Egypt
Arabic
2004
32
D-Lib Magazine
10829873
http://www.dlib.org/
Corporation for National Research Initiatives
United States
English
1995
33
Datagramazero
15173801
http://www.dgz.org.br/
IASI - Instituto de Adaptação e Inserção na Sociedade da Informação
Brazil
Portuguese, Spanish
2000
34
DIGITHUM
15752275
http://digithum.uoc.edu/ojs/index.php/digithum/
Fundació per la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (FUOC)
Spain
Catalan, Spanish, English
1999
35
E-JASL: The Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship
17048532
http://southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/
International Consortium for the Advancement of Academic Publication
Canada
English
1999
36
EBIB Bulletin
15077187
http://ebib.info/biuletyn/
Polish Librarians Association
Poland
Polish
1999
37***
Electronic Journal of Health Informatics
14464381
http://www.ejhi.net/ojs/index.php/ejhi
Central Queensland University
Australia
English
2006
38
Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management
14794411
http://www.ejkm.com/main.html
Academic Conferences International Limited
United Kingdom
English
2003
39
Encontros Bibli: revista eletrônica de biblioteconomia e ciência da informação
15182924
http://www.periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/eb
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Brazil
Portuguese, Spanish
1996
40
Enl@ce Revista Venezolana de Información, Tecnología y Conocimiento
16907515
http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?tipo_busqueda=CODIGO&clave_revista=7671
Universidad del Zulia
Venezuela
Spanish
2004
41
European Journal of ePractice
1988625X
http://www.epractice.eu/journal
ePractice.eu
Spain
English
2007
42
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice
1715720X
http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/EBLIP
University of Alberta
Canada
English
2006
43
Evolution of Science and Technology
20292430
/ 20292449
http://www.est.vgtu.lt/index.php/est
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Lithuania
Lithuanian, English, German
2009
44
GMS Medizin-Bibliothek-Information
1865066X
http://www.egms.de/dynamic/en/journals/mbi/index.htm
German Medical Science, Düsseldorf
Germany
German, English
2006
45
Hipertext.net
16955498
http://www.hipertext.net/web/pag100.htm
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Spain
English, Spanish
2003
46
Human IT: Tidskrift för Studier av IT ur ett Humanvetenskapligt Perspektiv
14021501
/1402150x
http://etjanst.hb.se/bhs/ith//info.htm
Högskolan i Borås
Sweden
Swedish, English
1997
47*
Infodiversidad
1514514X
http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/HomRevRed.jsp?iCveEntRev=277
Sociedad de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas
Argentina
Spanish, Portuguese
2004
48
Informação & Informação
14142139
/ 19818920
http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/informacao/index
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
Brazil
Portuguese, Spanish
1996
49
Informação & Sociedade: Estudos
18094783
http://www.ies.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ies
Universidade Federal da Paraiba
Brazil
Portuguese
1991
50
Información, Cultura y Sociedad
15148327
/ 18511740
http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php/script_sci_serial/pid_1851-1740/lng_es/nrm_iso
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Argentina
Spanish, Portuguese
2002
51*
Informatica Economica Journal
14531305
/ 18428088
http://revistaie.ase.ro/
Inforec Association
Romania
English, Romanian
1998
52
Information Research: an international electronic journal
13681613
http://informationr.net/ir/
Professor Tom Wilson
United Kingdom
English
1995
53
Information Technology and Disabilities
10735127
http://people.rit.edu/easi/itd.htm
E A S I: Equal Access to Software and Information
United States
English
1994
54
Informing Science The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline
15479684
/15214672
http://www.informingscience.us/icarus/journals/informingscij
Informing Science Institute
United States
English
1997
55
Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Learning and Learning Objects
15522210
/ 15522237
http://www.informingscience.us/icarus/journals/ijello
Informing Science Institute
United States
English
2005
56
Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management
15551229
/ 15551237
http://www.informingscience.us/icarus/journals/ijikm
Informing Science Institute
United States
English
2006
57
International Journal of Digital Curation
17468256
http://www.ijdc.net/
The Digital Curation Centre
United Kingdom
English
2006
58
International Journal of Doctoral Studies
15568881
/ 15568873
http://www.informingscience.us/icarus/journals/ijds/
Informing Science Institute
United States
English
2006
59
International Journal of Legal Information
07311265
http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/
International Association of Law Libraries
United States
English
2005
60
International Research: Journal of Library and Information Science
22490213
http://irjlis.com/index.htm
International Research : Journal of Library and Information Science
India
English
2011
61
International Review of Information Ethics
16141687
http://www.i-r-i-e.net/
International Center for Information Ethics
Germany
English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, French
2004
62
Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology
15475840
/ 15475867
http://www.informingscience.us/icarus/journals/iisit/
Informing Science Institute
United States
English
2004
63
Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship : a quarterly publication of the Science and Technology Section, Association of College and Research Libraries
10921206
http://www.istl.org/
Association of College and Research Libraries
United States
English
1991
64
JLIS.it
20381026
http://leo.cilea.it/index.php/jlis/
University of Florence
Italy
Italian, English
2010
65
Journal of Digital Information
13687506
http://journals.tdl.org/jodi
Texas Digital Library
United States
English
1997
66
Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences
1013090X
http://joemls.dils.tku.edu.tw/
Tamkang University Press
Taiwan
Chinese, English
2003
67
Journal of Electronic Publishing
10802711
/ 10802711
http://www.journalofelectronicpublishing.org/
University of Michigan Press
United States
English
1995
68
Journal of eLiteracy
17454360
http://www.jelit.org/index.html
University of Glasgow
United Kingdom
English
2004
69*
Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries
11784407
http://www.jhidc.org/index.php/jhidc
University of Otago
New Zealand
English
2007
70
Journal of Information and Organizational Sciences
18463312
/ 18469418
http://jios.foi.hr/index.php/jios/index
University of Zagreb
Croatia
English
2006
71
Journal of Information Architecture
19037260
http://journalofia.org/about/
Research & Education Group in IA (REG-iA)
Denmark
English
2009
72
Journal of Information Literacy
17505968
http://ojs.lboro.ac.uk/ojs/index.php/JIL/index
Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
United Kingdom
English
2007
73*
Journal of Information, Information Technology, and Organizations
15571319
/ 15571327
http://www.informingscience.us/icarus/journals/jiito
Informing Science Institute
United States
English
2006
74*
Journal of Library and Information Science
03633640
http://jlis.glis.ntnu.edu.tw/
National Taiwan Normal University
Taiwan
Chinese, English
1975
75
Journal of Library and Information Studies
16067509
http://jlis.lis.ntu.edu.tw/
National Taiwan University
Taiwan
Chinese, English
1999
76
Journal of Library Innovation
1947525X
http://www.libraryinnovation.org/
Western New York Library Resources Council
United States
English
2010
77
Journal of Library Science
year: 1998 Continued by Journal of Library and Information Studies
10183817
http://jlis.lis.ntu.edu.tw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16&Itemid=5&lang=us
National Taiwan University
Taiwan
Chinese, English
1985End
78
Journal of Medical Internet Research
14388871
http://www.jmir.org/
Gunther Eysenbach
Canada
English
1999
79
Journal of southern academic and special librarianship
1525321X
http://southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/index.html
International Consortium for the Advancement of Academic Publication
Canada
English
1999
80
Journal of the Association for History and Computing
19375905
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jahc/index.html
American Association for History and Computing
United States
English
1998
81
Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association
17086892
http://pubs.chla-absc.ca/journal/jchla
National Research Council of Canada
Canada
English, French
2006
82
Journal of the European Association for Health Information and Libraries
18410715
http://www.eahil.net/journal/
European Association for Health Information and Libraries
Netherlands
English
2005
83
Journal of the Medical Library Association
15365050
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/93/latest/
Medical Library Association
United States
English
2002
84
The journal of the Rutgers University Library.
00360473
http://jrul.libraries.rutgers.edu/index.php/jrul/index
Rutgers University
United States
English
2005
85
Kansas Library Association College and University Libraries Section Proceedings
2160942X
http://newprairiepress.org/journals/index.php/CULS
Kansas State University
United States
English
2011
86
Knjižnica : Revija za Področje Bibliotekarstva in Informacijske Znanosti
00232424
/ 15817903
http://revija-knjiznica.zbds-zveza.si/
Zveza Bibliotekarskih Društev Slovenije, Narodna in Univerzitetna Knjižnica
Slovenia
Slovene
1999
87
Knygotyra
02042061
http://www.leidykla.eu/mokslo-darbai/knygotyra/
Vilnius University Press
Lithuania
Lithuanian, English
2000
88
Liber Quarterly : The Journal of European Research Libraries
14355205
http://liber.library.uu.nl/
Igitur, Utrecht Publishing & Archiving Services
Netherlands
English
1999
89
Library and Information Research : Research into Practice for Information & Library Services
17561086
http://www.lirg.org.uk/lir/index.html
CILIP Library & Information Research Group
United Kingdom
English
2007
90
Library Philosophy and Practice
15220222
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/lpp.htm
University of Nebraska, Lincoln libraries
United States
English
1998
91*
Library Student Journal
19316100
http://www.librarystudentjournal.org/index.php/lsj
University at Buffalo
United States
English
2006
92
Libreas : Library Ideas
18607950
http://www.libreas.eu/
Institut für Bibliothekswissenschaft Berlin
Germany
German
2005
93
Libres: Library and Information Science Research Electronic Journal
10586768
http://libres.curtin.edu.au/
Curtin University of Technology
Australia
English
1996
94
Liinc em Revista
18083536
http://revista.ibict.br/liinc/index.php/liinc
Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Inofrmação e Conhecimento (LIINC)
Brazil
Portuguese, Spanish, English
2005
95
Medizin-Bibliothek-Information
End year: 2006 Continued by GMS Medizin-Bibliothek-Information
16169026
http://www.agmb.de/mbi/mbiauswahl.html
Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Medizinisches Bibliothekswesen
Germany
German
2001
96
New Knowledge Environments
19236328
http://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/INKE
University of Victoria
Canada
English
2009
97
North Carolina Libraries
00292540
http://www.ncl.ecu.edu/index.php/NCL
North Carolina Library Association
United States
English
2002
98
Open Journal of Knowledge Management
2190829X
http://www.community-of-knowledge.de/en/open-journal-of-knowledge-management/
Community of Knowledge
Germany
German, English
2010
99
Pakistan Journal of Library and Information Science
16804465
http://pu.edu.pk/home/department/10/Department-of-Library-and-Information-Science/pjlis/index.html
University of the Punjab
Pakistan
English
2006
100
Partnership : the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research
19119593
http://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca//index.php/perj/
The Partnership
Canada
English, French
2006
101
Pecia Complutense : Boletín de la Biblioteca Histórica de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
1698272X
http://portal.ucm.es/web/mantenimiento/contingencia
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Spain
Spanish
2004
102
Perspectivas em Ciência da Informação
14139936
http://www.eci.ufmg.br/pcionline/
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Brazil
Portuguese
1996
103
Perspectivas em Gestão & Conhecimento
2236417X
http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/pgc
Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brazil
Portuguese
2011
104
PontodeAcesso
19816766
http://www.portalseer.ufba.br/index.php/revistaici
Universidade Federal da Bahia
Brazil
Portuguese
2007
105
Potsdamer Beiträge und Reportagen aus den Informationswissenschaften
18676189
http://brain.fh-potsdam.de/
Fachhochschule Potsdam
Germany
German
2008
106
ProInflow
18042406
http://pro.inflow.cz/
Masaryk University
Czech Republic
Czech, Slovak
2009
107
Pustaha
18581447
http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/148
University of Sumatera Utara
Indonesia
Indonesian
2005
108
Revista ACB
14140594
http://revista.acbsc.org.br/index.php/racb
Associação Catarinense de Bibliotecários - ACB
Brazil
Portuguese
1996
109
Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação
1678765X
http://www.sbu.unicamp.br/seer/ojs/index.php/sbu_rci
Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Brazil
Portuguese, English, Spanish
2003
110
Revista Española de Documentación Científica
02100614
/ 19884621
http://redc.revistas.csic.es/index.php/redc
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Spain
Spanish, English
1998
111
Revista Interamericana de Bibliotecología
01200976
http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/RIB
Universidad de Antioquia
Colombia
Spanish, Portoguese, French
2000
112
Revue Électronique Suisse de Science de l'Information - RESSI
16611802
http://www.ressi.ch/
Haute école de gestion Genève
Switzerland
French, German, English, Italian
2005
113
REVY : Tidsskrift for Danmarks Forskningsbiblioteksforening
19041969
http://www.dfrevy.dk/
Danmarks Forskningsbiblioteksforening
Denmark
Danish, English
2004
114
School Library Media Research
15234320
http://www.ala.org/aasl/aaslpubsandjournals/slmrb/slmrcontents/contents
American Association of School Librarians
United States
English
1998
115
sCIRES-IT : SCIentific RESearch and Information Technology
22394303
http://caspur-ciberpublishing.it/index.php/scires-it
CASPUR-CIBER Publishing
Italy
Italian, English
2011
116
Simbiosis : Revista Electrónica de Ciencias de la Información
15483436
http://ojs.uprrp.edu/index.php/simbiosis
University of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Spanish, English
2009
117
South African Journal of Information Management
1560683X
http://www.sajim.co.za/index.php/SAJIM
AOSIS OpenJournals
South Africa
English
1999
118
Sprouts : Working Papers on Information Systems
15356078
http://sprouts.aisnet.org/home.html
Sprouts Alliance
Netherlands
English
2000
119
Svensk Biblioteksforskning
02844354
/ 16535235
http://www.hb.se/wps/portal/bhs/forskning/publikationer/svbibforsk
Swedish School of Library and Information Science
Sweden
Swedish, English, Norwegian, Danish
2005
120
Technology Electronic Reviews, TER
15339165
http://www.ala.org/lita/ter/tertechnology
The Library and Information Technology Association (ALA)
United States
English
1994
121
Theological Librarianship
19378904
http://journal.atla.com/ojs/index.php/theolib
American Theological Library Association
United States
English
2008
122
Türk Kütüphaneciliği
13000039
http://tk.kutuphaneci.org.tr/index.php/tk
Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği / Turkish Librarians' Association
Turkey
Turkish, English
1987
123
Urban Library Journal
19449674
/ 19449682
http://ojs.cunylibraries.org/index.php/ulj
City University of New York
United States
English
2007
124
Virginia Libraries
10869751
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/VALib/
Virginia Library Association
United States
English
1996
125
Vjesnik Bibliotekara Hrvatske
05071925
/ 13346938
http://www.hkdrustvo.hr/vbh
Hrvatsko knjižničarsko društvo
Croatia
Croatian
2003
126
Webology
1735188X
http://www.webology.org/
Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST)
Iran
English
2004
Analysis and Interpretations
Country-wise Distribution of E-journals on Library and Information Science
Table-1
S.No.
Country
No. of Published E-journals
S.No.
Country
No. of Published E-journals
S.No.
Country
No. of Published E-journals
1
Argentina
2
13
Germany
6
25
Romania
1
2
Australia
2
14
India
2
26
Slovenia
1
3
Brazil
15
15
Indonesia
1
27
South Africa
1
4
Bulgaria
1
16
Iran
1
28
Spain
10
5
Canada
7
17
Italy
3
29
Sweden
2
6
Colombia
1
18
Lithuania
2
30
Switzerland
1
7
Croatia
2
19
Netherland
3
31
Taiwan
4
8
Cuba
2
20
New Zealand
1
32
Turkey
2
9
Czech Republic
1
21
Pakistan
1
33
United Kingdom
7
10
Denmark
2
22
Peru
1
34
United States
35
11
Egypt
1
23
Poland
1
35
Venezuela
1
12
France
2
24
Puerto Rico
1
Table 1 shows that the country wise distribution of E-journals on Library and Information Science on DOAJ. According to the above table United State holds the 1st position and having the largest 35 E-journals published out of 126 E-journals followed by Brazil with 2nd position having 15 E-journals from its country. Spain with 3rd position having 10 E-journals from its country; Canada and United Kingdom with 4th position having 7 E-journals from its countries.
Language wise Distribution of E-journals on Library and Information Science
Table 2
S.No.
Language
No. of E-journals Published
S.No.
Language
No. of E-journals Published
1
Arabic
1
12
Italian
4
2
Bulgarian
1
13
Lithuanian
2
3
Catalan
2
14
Norwegian
1
4
Chinese
4
15
Polish
1
5
Croatian
1
16
Portoguese
20
6
Czech
1
17
Romanian
1
7
Danish
2
18
Slovak
1
8
English
93
19
Slovene
1
9
French
9
20
Spanish
25
10
German
8
21
Swedish
2
11
Indonesian
1
22
Turkish
2
Table-2, From the above list of all 126 journals titles of Library and Information Science discipline are published in almost 22 (Twenty-two) national/international languages. Most popular language is English which covers the 93 E-journals published and securing the 1st rank with 50.81 %, Spanish Language secured the 2nd position with 13.66 % and Portoguese Language secured the 3rd position with 10.92%.
Accessibility of Archives of E-journals
Table 3
S.No.
Starting Year
No. of E-journals Published
S.No.
Starting Year
No. of E-journals Published
1
1975
1
13
2001
3
2
1985
2
14
2002
5
3
1987
1
15
2003
6
4
1991
2
16
2004
11
5
1993
1
17
2005
13
6
1994
2
18
2006
13
7
1995
4
19
2007
9
8
1996
8
20
2008
2
9
1997
5
21
2009
6
10
1998
8
22
2010
4
11
1999
11
23
2011
4
12
2000
5
From the above list and table, it is clear that publication of access journals in Library and Information Science stared from 1975. Since 2005and 2006 13 (Thirteen) e-journals
Table-4
S.No.
Language
No. of E-journals Published
01
Single Language
86
02
Two Languages
28
03
Three Languages
08
04
Four Languages
03
05
Five Languages
01
References:
Srivatave, R. and Mahawar, K L. (2007), ”Open access and scholary communication” Roadmap for Modernization of Libraries and Information Centres in the Emerging Knowledge Era, Proceeding of the EMPI Digital Library National Convention-2007, New Delhi, March 18-20, 2007, EMPI B-School Puublishing, New Delhi, pp. 326-330
Verma, M.K. (2011), “ Electronic Publication and Its application in Libraries”, Gyankosh: The Journal of Lib. & Inf. Management, Vol.2, No.1, pp.68-73.
Pullinger ,David and Schkel, Brain (1990), “The Electronic Journal Research” Techniques Report Paper79 , British Library Research and Development.
Lancaster , F W(1995), “The evaluation of Electronic Publishing”, Library Trends, Vol.43, No. 4, pp518-527
Budapest Open Access Initiative, available at http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess Retrieved 21 Jan. 12
AWARENESS AND USE OF ELECTRONIC JOURNALS: A STUDY OF DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AMU, ALIGARH
AWARENESS AND USE OF ELECTRONIC JOURNALS: A STUDY OF DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AMU, ALIGARH
Syed Ahtisham Raza Naqvi
Librarian
INMANTEC Institutions
Ghaziabad.
sahtisham@gmail.com
+918506077676
ABSTRACT
In present information society information and communication technology (ICT) has changed the complete scenario of generating, preserving and delivering the information. The advent of ICT, paradigm shifts from print journals to e-journals have taken place in past one and half decade. Now e-journals play vital role in today’s information explosion environment. The study has been confined to the users of the e-journals at Department of Commerce, AMU, Aligarh.
About Aligarh Muslim University (AMU)
The AMU has a campus spread over 467.6 hectares of land. Aligarh Muslim University is a residential academic institution offering more than 280 Courses in traditional and modern branches of Education.
It has more than 30,000, students, about 1,400 teachers and some 6,000 non-teaching staff on its rolls, with 12 faculties in 95 departments, 5 institution and 13 centres. There are 18 halls of residence with 73 hostels. Prominent divisions include Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Dr. Ziauddin Dental College, Institute of Ophthalmology, Food Craft Institute, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Centre of Advance Study in History, Centre of West Asian Studies, Centre of Wildlife, Academic Staff College, Women's College, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, University Polytechnic for boys and girls, separately and Computer Centre. The medium of instruction is primarily English. It has as many as five high schools including one for the visually handicapped, and two senior secondary schools for boys and girls.
About Department of Commerce (AMU)
The Department of Commerce is one of the premier departments of Aligarh Muslim University. It was established in 1946. The contribution of the Department in the advancement of Research has been significant. The department of Commerce is providing research facilities to both Indian as well as Foreign Nationals. More than 70 Indian as well as Foreign Nationals are pursuing Ph. D. Progammes in the Department. Further the Department has two specializations in the areas of International Business and Finance & Accounts.
The department offers the following academic programmes:
1. Bachelor of Commerce B.Com. (Hons.)
2. Master of Commerce (M.Com.)
3. Master of Finance & Control (MFC)
4. Master of Tourism Administration (MTA)
5. PG Diploma in Business Finance (PGDBF)
6. PG Diploma in Banking, Risk & Insurance Management (BRIM)
7. Ph.D. in Commerce
Definition of E-Journals
Electronic journal may be defined broadly as any journal, magazine, e-zine, webzine, newsletter or type of electronic serial publication which is available over the Internet and can be accessed using different technologies such as World Wide Web (WWW), Gopher, ftp, telnet, e-mail or listserv. The University of Glasgow defines the term ‘Electronic journal’ as “Any journal that is available over the Internet can be called an ‘electronic journal’. In some cases, print equivalents exist; in some cases, not. Some electronic journals are freely available; other has charging mechanisms of different types. Established publishers issue some; others are produced from an individual academic’s office. As with print journals, the quality and relevance of e-journals can vary considerably”. In simple words it is said that the electronic journals are the one where the text is read on, and /or printed from, the end-user’s computer rather than as print-on-paper. In the online journal, the data is downloaded directly from the host computer rather than via an intermediate medium such as CD-ROM.
Objectives of the study
To ascertain awareness and acceptance of e-journals.
To explore the use of electronic journals.
To study the purpose of utilization of e-journals.
To ascertain the frequency of using e-journals.
To study the preferred format for using e-journals.
To study the satisfaction level of users.
Methodology
The scope of the study is to examine the awareness of e-journals among research scholar of the Department of Commerce, AMU.Keeping in view the scope and area of the study, a structured questionnaire was prepared to collect the data from the scholars accessing e-journals available online at Department of Commerce, AMU relating to various specialisation. The questionnaire contained relevant questions pertaining to awareness with respect to e-journals. For this purpose a total of 70 questionnaires were distributed among Ph.D. researchers. Out of those 70 questionnaires, 68 valid questionnaires were collected and then data was analyzed, tabulated, interpreted and graphically represented in this paper.
Results
Population Study
Table 1: Population studied
Gender
Number
Distributed
Received
Male
40 (57.14%)
40 (58.8%)
Female
30 (42.86%)
28 (41.2%)
The table shows the gender difference between the researchers studied. 58.8% male responses are studied and 41.2% of the total female responses are studied, who accessed e-journals available through the Internet.
Awareness about e-journals
Table 2: Awareness of e-journals
Gender
Aware
Not Aware
Male
37 (92.5%)
03(07.5%)
Female
22 (78.6%)
06 (21.4%)
Table 2 depicts the awareness relating to e-journals among the researches. 92.5% male researchers are aware about e-journals whereas only 78.6% female researchers are aware about e-journals. It is thus analyzed that male researchers are more aware than female researchers.
Preference level
The result reveals that 41.2% of researchers would like to access only the electronic version of the journals whereas 11.8% researchers prefers at reading the printed version of the journals. But 47% researchers are like to use both the electronic and printed versions of the journals.
Fig. 1: Preference level of users
Purpose of using e-journals
Table3: Using Purpose of e-Journal
Purpose
Number
Percentage*
For Research work
68
100
For Writing Paper
39
57.3
Updating Subject Knowledge
24
35.3
For Other Purpose
03
0.04
* More than one responses were allowed to be made for the study
Table 3: shows that all the researchers use e-journals for their research work. 57.3% researchers use the e-journals also for the purpose of paper writing. 35.3% researchers use it for updating subject knowledge and a very few (0.04%) researchers use it for other purposes like exam’s, etc.
Frequency of use
It is observed from the analysis that four researchers (05.8%) access e-journals every day, 11.8% researchers access 2-3 times in a week, 51.5% researchers use it once a week. E-journals are occasionally accessed by 21 researchers (30.9%).
Fig. 2: Using frequency of researchers
Location for accessing e-journals
The study renders that only 07% researchers use the e-journals at the main library of the university. E-journals are accessed in the concerned department by 21% researchers. Majority of the researchers (60%) access e-journals in their hostel or home. 12% researchers make use of e-journals at other places like cyber cafe, etc.
Fig. 3: Using Place
Using Pattern of e-journals
The results shows that the maximum numbers of researchers (35.3%) store the relevant paper in their removable storage device. 33.8% users take printout of the electronic article for their study. While 30.9% researchers read it on their system’s screen.
Fig. 4: Using style of e-journals
Formats of e-journals
There are many formats available to present or publish research paper or article in electronic format. Mostly researchers (47%) prefer the Portable Document Format (PDF), because it is ready to print, easy to save, standard format, etc. HTML format is also a popular style. 41.2% researchers like this format, because it is easy to read, dynamic in style & colours, ready to read (no downloading required), etc. The image format is also liked by 7.4% researchers. 4.4% researchers have no preference about the format of e-journal.
Fig. 5: Format preferences of e-journals
Satisfaction level
It was observed that majority of researchers are satisfied with the using, style, information presentation and searching style of e-journals. Out of it, 48.5% are highly satisfied and 45.6% are satisfied. Only four researchers (5.9%) are not satisfied with e-journals.
Fig 6: Satisfaction level of users
Conclusion
From the above study it has been observed that e-journals have become a vital part for providing information. E-journals have turned out as a vital knowledge base for our research community. Efficient management of time has been made possible through their usage. Thus the present scenario entails for spreading of awareness among the users and for development of proper infrastructure within the library system to achieve significant results.
References
Barron, B. L., Schwartz, D. L., Vye, N. J., Moore, A., Petrosino, A., Zech, L., Bransford, J. D., & The Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbuilt (1998). Doing with understanding: Lessons from research on problem and project-based learning. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3/4, 271-312.
Fairweather, P.G. & Gibbons, A.S. (2006). Introduction to special issue on learning objects. Educational Technolocy, 46(1), 7-9.
Chandra, H. (2006). Usage of E-Books and E-Journals at IIT Madras Strategy and Initiatives. In Ramaiah (Ed.), National Seminar on Electronic Publication (pp. 101-111). Hyderabad: Centre for Information Science.
Jagtar Singh, Fytton Rowland & Jack Meadows (1997). Electronic Journals on Library and Information Science. OCLC Systems & Services, 13(2), 56-60.
Khushpreet Singh (2009). Print to Electronic Journals: A Paradigm Shift. PEARL - A Journal of Library and Information Science, 3(4),
Smecher, A. (2008). The Future of the Electronic Journal. NeuroQuantology , 6 (1), 1-6.
http://ss.amu.ac.in/about.html accessed on 8 October 2013
http://www.amu.ac.in/departmentpage.jsp?did=23 accessed on 8 October 2013
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University accessed on 8 October 2013
Donald, J. (1995). Disciplinary Differences in Knowledge Validation. In N. Hativa & M. Marincovich (Eds.), Disciplinary Differences in Teaching and Learning: Implications for Practice (pp.7-18).
Naidu, S. (2002). Designing and evaluating instruction for e-learning. In P. L. Rodgers (Ed.), Designing Instruction for Technology-Enhanced Learning (pp. 134-159). Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.
Review of the book Title : CASE STUDY IN MANAGEMENT: Creating & Sustaining Business
Title : CASE STUDY IN MANAGEMENT: Creating & Sustaining Business
Editors : Prof.R.K Singal, Prof.Lata Singh
Publisher : Wisdom Publications Delhi
Year : 2012
Pages : xii, 142
Price : Rs. 280
ISBN : 978-93-81505-38-0
Reviewed by : Syed Ahtisham Raza Naqvi
This book CASE STUDY IN MANAGEMENT: Creating & Sustaining Business is a collection of various case studies to be utilised for management education. As the case studies are the integral part of management education, INMANTEC Business organised a platform for developing case studies through a competition. This competition was organised in April 2011. A special way of applying the case study method is through competitions in which students solve case studies from the field of Management. To organize a competition with case studies with subjects from Management it is important that there is collaboration between companies, teachers, and students who are active participants in competitions
The participants in the application of the case study method are the students and teachers. Accordingly, the areas of knowledge and experience that both students and teachers possess differs and these have to be understood in order for the method to be adequately implemented. The area of expertise that relates to the application of case studies assumes that students will receive an explanation as to their role in the case study method, which includes preparing for the class, active studying during the class, and the active evaluation of knowledge after class in which the case study method was employed, To prepare with teachers, to register for competitions, to solve case study problems in teams, to present solutions, and to evaluate their knowledge after competing.
To evaluate the cases submitted, a committee was constituted by Inmantec and this committee comprising Prof Vinay Gupta ,Ex General Manager-HR NTPC & V.P of JP group and currently executive Director GMA (Ghaziabad Management Association), Mr.L.K.Gupta ex General Manager HR ,and Currently working as management consultant, Prof U.C Mathur, Director-MDP Inmantec & Prof R.K Singal, dean management Studies, Inmantec. Company representatives who participated in the jury at the competitions that involve solving case studies in the subject of Management are giving their opinion about the advantages and disadvantages of case studies. All company representatives work on the top level of management and they participate like members of the jury at competitions involving the subject of Management from 2006 to 2011 at the local, national, and international level. When the importance of student acquisition skills in applying the case study method is analyzed, company representatives mostly evaluate students’ creative solving skills and presentation skills; while connecting theories and real-world problems, teamwork skills and applied knowledge are graded as if they are very important. Collaboration between companies, higher education institutions, and company representatives consider time management very important.
Out of a large number of cases received, few cases were shortlisted and authors have presented their cases before the panel. The book comprises a number of cases in most of the areas of Management.
The book also presents the concept of Management case study competitions, the role of different participants: company representatives, teachers and students. Book also provides clear guidelines for teachers explaining the teaching plan which the professor should use in the class when working with case study. This book is useful for top talent students and top companies who want to hire them. Extracurricular activities are precious for every ambitious student. Case solving competitions means that and more. It means having the opportunity to work with ambitious students.
Monday, 20 September 2021
Job satisfaction and Job involvement among library professionals: A comparative study of Central and State University in Delhi NCR
Job satisfaction and Job involvement among library professionals: A
comparative study of Central and State University in Delhi NCR
Syed Ahtisham Raza Naqvi
Research Scholar
DLIS,SVSU
Meerut
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine Job satisfaction and job involvement among
library professionals working central and state universities libraries in Delhi NCR . A
research sample of 67 library professionals, both male and female was drawn out of
which 46 are from govt and 21 private university in Delhi NCR . Job Satisfaction Survey
(JSS) developed by Singh &Sharma (1999) and J.I.Q. Job involvement questionnaire
developed by Lodahl and Kejner (1965) were used for the study. The statistical tools
Mean, SD and t-test were employed for analysis of data.
The result revealed that Total job satisfaction was higher among central university
library employees (M = 69.67, SD = 9.58) as compared to state university library
employees (M = 63.71, SD =13.12).Job involvement was higher among state university
library employees (M = 73.86, SD = 6.31) as compared to central university library
employees (M = 65.80, SD =7.81).Total job satisfaction was also high among female
library employees working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR.Total job
satisfaction was high among male library employees working in state university libraries
at Delhi and NCR as compared to female counterparts as well.Male library employees
working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR has higher job involvement as
compared to their female counterparts.Female library employees working in state
university libraries at Delhi and NCR has higher job involvement as compared to their
male counterparts.
Keywords: need, significance of job isatisfaction and library professionals
Introduction: As we know ‘Job Satisfaction’ and ‘Job Involvement’ are always found
an important concern of an organization since its inception. It has its twin edge as such
needs careful approach .On one hand it affects the employees in many ways while on the
other hand it also affects the organization in many ways. Work satisfaction means to how
well an occupation provides the fulfillment of a need,or how it fits in as a method or
source for happiness. Employment satisfaction is that how much people feel positive or
negative about their occupations. Employment for a job includes the extent of the mental
and psychological degree by which an employee takes part in his/her profession or the
duty assigned. For some people being punctual is half the battle won. Top employees are
occupied with their work and have a higher degree of job involvement. There have been a
few surveys that straightforwardly states that higher the job involvement, higher is the job
satisfaction and it accordingly creates positive changes in an organization.
This could be an aftereffect of appraisals that fulfill the basic needs of an individual by
which feelings of accomplishment developed among employees. It helps in meet out
fundamental needs an employee and also the level of their like and dislike towards their
job. The worker's mentality towards the organization & the job also becomes positive
when they understand that performing their job provides them with facilities to directly
achieve their requirements and values, or in a roundabout way by the money that they
are earning. So, in short, it states the difference between a worker's desires and a
worker's experience that he/she gets from a particular job. More difference means more
is the disappointment.
Aspects of job fulfillment depends on a person's sentiments about the work, workplace
and its working environment, pay, work culture, professional stability and etc. The basic
parts of employment fulfillment include: Job description, Workload, Work attributes,
and Pay.
Reviewof related Literature:
(Ikolo, V. E. 2017),The paper shows that teacher librarians are moderately satisfied with
their pay and promotion opportunities. However,they had been found to be satisfied with
the kind of work they carry out daily. The paper concludes that job satisfaction has a
huge impact on overall job performance of teacher librarians.Jeyara,W.J.2017),The
study investigate the root cause for the lack of job satisfaction to be the dual functioning
teacher Librarians hired to serve as school librarians as well. based on this revealing
issue,attributes(Olubunmi O, A., & Oluwaseun, O. 2017),The study was conducted to
examine the influence of job satisfaction on career commitments of librarians in
universities in Ekiti and Ondo State,Nigeria. Descriptive survey and questionnaire
method were used for the study. The data were analyzed by proper statistical tools. It also
suggest that the university administrators should make available all the necessary
equipments to facilitate librarians’ duties and improve their job performance and also
provide conducive working environment for them.Miller (2009) support the idea that this
definion of job satisfaction is the most refecenced and generally accepted description,
characterizing the necessary component needed to depict what is meant by broad
construct of job satisfaction. Johnson & Birkeland (2003) considered that
characteristics such as race, ethnicity, language, social background and
expectations.would create better relationship among teachers and students if they share
some common .(Hulin & Judge (2003),stated that the concept of job satisfaction should
comprise of multidimensional psychological responses including the three important
aspectsnamely cognitive (evaluative), affective (emotional), and behavioral components.
Dinham & Scott (1998) explains job satisfaction as a dynamic construct indicating how
an employee feels about his or her job.Landsbergis and Terry et al. In their study
explain that work stress and job satisfaction are inversly related .The more levels of work
stress results low levels of job satisfaction”.
Definitions of Job Satisfaction:
De Nobile(2003),Job satisfaction has been defined as the extent to which a staff member
has favourable or positive feelings about work or the work environment.
Spector (1997) defines “job satisfaction asthe degree of satisfaction that employees have
towards their jobs and other aspects of the jobs, andit alsoindicates the level of fairness
and good treatment in the work places. Other researchers view job satisfaction as a term
indicating individual‟s need fulfillment at work”
Ovando and Collier (1985).Job satisfaction among headmasters can positively or
negatively influence the performance on organizational goals.
According to Locke (1976), “job satisfaction is a positive or pleasant emotional state
resulting from a person’s appreciation of his/ her own job”
According to Bruneberg (1976),"Job satisfaction is "the extent to which people like
(satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs"
Objectives of the Study:
The important objectives are as follows:
1.To measure extent of job satisfaction among professional staff working in central,
State university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
2.To assess the extent of job involvement among professional staff working in central
State university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
3. To examine the gender wise relationship between job satisfaction and job
involvement among professional staff of central State university libraries in Delhi and
NCR..
Hypotheses:
In the light of the available theoretical constructs, and review of literature
following major hypothesis were formulated
1. There is no significant difference in job satisfaction of professional library
employees belonging to Central, State university libraries.
2. There is difference in the level of job involvement of employees of two different
types of university libraries.
3. Job satisfaction of library professionals would not be significantly related to their
job involvement.
4. There is a significant difference between the level of job satisfaction score and
job involvement score of male and female groups of library professionals.
Research Methodology:
For this study a well structured questionnaire, observation and interview methods
were used for the collection of data. The researcher will distribute the questionnaires to
the respondent in selected libraries and collected back. The data collected through
questionnaires will be organized and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools &
technique.
Scope and Limitation of Study:
The present study is confined to assess the job satisfaction and job involvement
among library professionals: a comparative study of the Central, State University
Libraries of Delhi and NCR:
1) Jamia Millia Islamia, Library (Central)
2) Chaudhary Charan Singh University,Meerut, Library (State)
Data Collection and Analysis Method: Well-structured questionnaires was used to
collect the data. The collected data was organized quantitatively and analysed by using
statistical tools & technique. This Data was used for the formulation of the findings.
l J.S.S. Job satisfaction Scale developed by Dr. Amar Singh and Dr. T.R.Sharma
(1999) was used to measure the level of job satisfaction of library professionals. The
scale consists of total 30 statements. Every statement of scale had five possible responses
and subjects were asked to tick one of them, as they feel appropriate.
l J.I.Q. Job involvement questionnaire developed by Lodahl and Kejner (1965) was
used to measured the level of job involvement of library professionals. It also contains 20
items at 5-point rating scale.
Table-1 Personal characters of participants working in different Universities at
Delhi and NCR across gender
Personal Characters Gender Total in
(100%)
Male Female
N %age N %age N %age
Participants
Central University 33 49.0% 13 19.0% 46 69.0%
State University 15 22.0% 6 9.0% 21 31.0%
Work experience
1-11 years 17 25.0% 9 13.0% 26 39.0%
12-22 years 21 31.0% 6 9.0% 27 40.0%
23-33 years 10 15.0% 4 6.0% 14 21.0%
Marital Status
Single 1 1.0% 4 6.0% 5 7.0%
Married 47 70.0% 15 22.0% 62 93.%
Nature of the Job
Permanent 34 51.0% 12 18.0% 46 69.0%
Temporary 14 21.0% 7 10.0% 21 31.0%
In Table-1 the brief description about the personal characters of the library employees
working in two different universities (central and state) at Delhi and NCR, the majority
of the participants belong to central university (n=46, 69.0%) out of the total (n=33, 49%)
were males and (n=13, 19%) were females. The participant belongs to state university at
Delhi and NCR were (n= 21, 31%) out of this total (n=15, 22%) was males and (n=6,
9%) were female participants.
Majority of that participants (n=26, 39%) have 1-11 years of working experience at
university level where (n=17, 25%) was males and (n=09, 13%) were females. Many of
the participants (n=27, 33%) have 12 to 22 years of working experiences in university
where (n=21, 31%) are males and (n=6, 9%) are females. Moreover, (n=14,21%) of
participants have 22 to 33 yeas of experience where (n= 10,15%) are males and (n=4,
14%) are female participants.The maximum number of the participants are married
(n=62, 93%) where males are (n=47, 70%) and females are(n=15, 29%) and (n=5,7%) are
single where males are (n=1, 1%) and females are (n=04, 6%). Moreover, majority of the
participants (n=46, 69%) are permanent employee where (n=34,51%) are males and
(n=12, 18%) are females and (n=11, 31%) are working on temporary basis out of total
(n=14, 21%) are males and (n=7, 10%) are females.
Table-2 Mean difference of job satisfaction between central and state university library
employees at Delhi and NCR
Source Group N Mean SD S E M t
Value
P
Value
Negative Job Satisfaction Central 46 16.04 2.19 .32
State 21 13.19 2.89 .63 4.46 .00
Positive Job Satisfaction Central 46 54.26 9.57 1.41
State 21 54.62 13.45 2.93 .12 .91
Total Job Satisfaction Central 46 69.67 9.58 1.41
State 21 63.71 13.12 2.86 2.09 .04
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
In table-2 Mean scores and SDs of two groups of participants for the measure of negative
job satisfaction one dimension of total job satisfaction showed significant difference (t =
4.46, p < .01). Mean scores show that negative job satisfaction was higher among central
university library employees (M = 16.04, SD = 2.19) as compared to state university
library employees (M = 13.19, SD =2 .89). Positive job satisfaction another dimension of
total job satisfaction was found non-significant. However, total job satisfaction was also
found significant (t = 2.09, p < .05). Mean scores show that total job satisfaction was
higher among central university library employees (M = 69.67, SD = 9.58) as compared
to state university library employees (M = 63.71, SD =13.12).
Table-3 Mean, Standard Deviations and t-test of Job involvement across two groups
of central and state university library employees at Delhi and NCR
Source Group N Mean SD S EM t
value
P
value
Job
involvement
Central 46 65.8 7.816 1.152 4.13 .00
State 21 73.86 6.319 1.379
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
In table-3 Mean scores and SDs of two groups of participants for the measure of job
involvement showed significant difference (t = 4.13, p < .01). Mean scores show that job
involvement was higher among state university library employees (M = 73.86, SD =
6.31) as compared to central university library employees (M = 65.80, SD =7.81).
Table-4 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job satisfaction and gender
among professional staff working in central university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Negative Job Satisfaction 16.04 2.190 -.03
Positive Job Satisfaction 54.26 9.579 -.30*
Total Job Satisfaction 69.67 9.580 -.43**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
In table-4 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job satisfaction and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals
negative significant difference between positive job satisfaction and gender (r = -.30, p <
.05), and total job satisfaction was also found negatively significant with gender (r = -.43,
p < .01). This indicates that female library employees working in central university
libraries at Delhi and NCR has higher positive job satisfaction as compared to their male
counterparts. Further total job satisfaction was also high among female library employees
working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR.
Table-5 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job satisfaction and gender
among professional staff working in state university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Negative Job Satisfaction 13.81 3.02 .68**
Positive Job Satisfaction 59.86 13.21 .694**
Total Job Satisfaction 74.00 15.71 .701**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
Table-5 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job satisfaction and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals positive
significant difference between negative job satisfaction and gender (r = .68, p < .01), and
positive job satisfaction was also found positively significant with gender (r = .69, p <
.01) and total job satisfaction was also found positively significant with gender (r = .70, p
< .01). This indicates that male library employees working in state university libraries at
Delhi and NCR has higher positive job satisfaction as compared to their female
counterparts. Positive job satisfaction was also found high among male library employees
working in state university libraries at Delhi and NCR as compared to female
counterparts. Further total job satisfaction was high among male library employees
working in state university libraries at Delhi and NCR as compared to female
counterparts as well.
Table-6 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job Involvement and gender
among professional staff working in Central university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Job Involvement 61.24 10.55 -.805**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
Table-6 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job involvement and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals
negative significant difference between job involvement and gender (r = -.80, p < .01),
indicates the reason that male library employees working in central university libraries at
Delhi and NCR has higher job involvement as compared to their female counterparts.
Table-7 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job Involvement and gender
among professional staff working in State university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Job Involvement 78.38 10.73 .92**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
Table-7 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job involvement and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals
positive significant difference between job involvement and gender (r = .92, p < .01),
indicates that female library employees working in state university libraries at Delhi and
NCR has higher job involvement as compared to their male counterparts.
Findings
Total job satisfaction was higher among central university library employees (M =
69.67, SD = 9.58) as compared to state university library employees (M = 63.71, SD
=13.12).
Job involvement was higher among state university library employees (M =
73.86, SD = 6.31) as compared to central university library employees (M = 65.80, SD
=7.81).
Total job satisfaction was also high among female library employees working in
central university libraries at Delhi and NCR.
Total job satisfaction was high among male library employees working in state
university libraries at Delhi and NCR as compared to female counterparts as well.
Male library employees working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR
has higher job involvement as compared to their female counterparts.
Female library employees working in state university libraries at Delhi and NCR
has higher job involvement as compared to their male counterparts.
Conclusion
After going through these points it's apparently clear that people that are actually
pleased with their careers not just get up much better quality of work, but are also are far
more happy & content. What lots of people don't recognize is the fact that when
selecting your career path or maybe work profiles, you should not make your choices
based on other people’s opinions. On the contrary, you have to stick to your own heart
and consider your personal needs & aspirations. In case you would like to succeed in
your professional life it becomes essential that you currently take choices to keep your
own pursuits in your brain. Study has concluded that there's a connection between job
satisfaction in addition to the functionality of the workers. As a result, work satisfaction
or maybe work dissatisfaction is actually a crucial matter of control. Higher job
fulfillment could result in enhanced efficiency, decreased turnover, as well as enhanced
attendance, decreased mishaps, fewer work emotional stress as well as much less
unionization. Job dissatisfaction creates low morale and can make the employees at the
office feel extremely unwanted.
References
1. Burton, N. (2017). For Better For Worse: Should I Get Married?. Acheron Press.
2. Hackman & Oldham- https://www.yourcoach.be/en/employee-motivation-
teories/hackman-oldham-job-characteristics-model.php
3. https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/unidimensionality/
4. Hulin, C. L., & Blood, M. R. (1968). Job enlargement, individual differences, and
worker responses. Psychological bulletin, 69(1), 41.
5. Tziner, A., Waismel-Manor, R., Vardi, N., & Brodman, A. (2008). The personality
dispositional approach to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Psychological
reports, 103(2), 435-442.
6. Wadsworth, E. J. K., Simpson, S. A., Moss, S. C., & Smith, A. P. (2003). The Bristol
Stress and Health Study: accidents, minor injuries and cognitive failures at work.
Occupational Medicine, 53(6), 392-397.
7. C., J., S., T., & T. (2018). Job satisfaction: Theories and definitions. Retrieved from
https://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Job_satisfaction:_theories_and_definitions
8. Holland, E. (2018). 5 Key Factors to Finding Job Satisfaction. Retrieved from
https://chopra.com/articles/5-key-factors-to-finding-job-satisfaction
9. Stephanie (2017). Unidimensionality: Definition, Examples. Retrieved from
https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/unidimensionality/
10. Retrieved from https://www.jmi.ac.in/zhlibrary
11. Smith’s, G. (n.d.). Five Steps to Improve Job Satisfaction and Employee
Engagement. Retrieved from https://www.chartcourse.com/the-pride-system/