Job satisfaction and Job involvement among library professionals: A comparative study of Central and State University in Delhi NCR

 Job satisfaction and Job involvement among library professionals: A
comparative study of Central and State University in Delhi NCR

Syed Ahtisham Raza Naqvi
Research Scholar
DLIS,SVSU
Meerut

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine Job satisfaction and job involvement among
library professionals working central and state universities libraries in Delhi NCR . A
research sample of 67 library professionals, both male and female was drawn out of
which 46 are from govt and 21 private university in Delhi NCR . Job Satisfaction Survey
(JSS) developed by Singh &Sharma (1999) and J.I.Q. Job involvement questionnaire
developed by Lodahl and Kejner (1965) were used for the study. The statistical tools
Mean, SD and t-test were employed for analysis of data.
The result revealed that Total job satisfaction was higher among central university
library employees (M = 69.67, SD = 9.58) as compared to state university library
employees (M = 63.71, SD =13.12).Job involvement was higher among state university
library employees (M = 73.86, SD = 6.31) as compared to central university library
employees (M = 65.80, SD =7.81).Total job satisfaction was also high among female
library employees working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR.Total job
satisfaction was high among male library employees working in state university libraries
at Delhi and NCR as compared to female counterparts as well.Male library employees
working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR has higher job involvement as
compared to their female counterparts.Female library employees working in state
university libraries at Delhi and NCR has higher job involvement as compared to their
male counterparts.
Keywords: need, significance of job isatisfaction and library professionals
Introduction: As we know ‘Job Satisfaction’ and ‘Job Involvement’ are always found
an important concern of an organization since its inception. It has its twin edge as such
needs careful approach .On one hand it affects the employees in many ways while on the
other hand it also affects the organization in many ways. Work satisfaction means to how
well an occupation provides the fulfillment of a need,or how it fits in as a method or
source for happiness. Employment satisfaction is that how much people feel positive or
negative about their occupations. Employment for a job includes the extent of the mental
and psychological degree by which an employee takes part in his/her profession or the
duty assigned. For some people being punctual is half the battle won. Top employees are
occupied with their work and have a higher degree of job involvement. There have been a

few surveys that straightforwardly states that higher the job involvement, higher is the job
satisfaction and it accordingly creates positive changes in an organization.
This could be an aftereffect of appraisals that fulfill the basic needs of an individual by
which feelings of accomplishment developed among employees. It helps in meet out
fundamental needs an employee and also the level of their like and dislike towards their
job. The worker's mentality towards the organization & the job also becomes positive
when they understand that performing their job provides them with facilities to directly
achieve their requirements and values, or in a roundabout way by the money that they
are earning. So, in short, it states the difference between a worker's desires and a
worker's experience that he/she gets from a particular job. More difference means more
is the disappointment.
Aspects of job fulfillment depends on a person's sentiments about the work, workplace
and its working environment, pay, work culture, professional stability and etc. The basic
parts of employment fulfillment include: Job description, Workload, Work attributes,
and Pay.
Reviewof related Literature:
(Ikolo, V. E. 2017),The paper shows that teacher librarians are moderately satisfied with
their pay and promotion opportunities. However,they had been found to be satisfied with
the kind of work they carry out daily. The paper concludes that job satisfaction has a
huge impact on overall job performance of teacher librarians.Jeyara,W.J.2017),The
study investigate the root cause for the lack of job satisfaction to be the dual functioning
teacher Librarians hired to serve as school librarians as well. based on this revealing
issue,attributes(Olubunmi O, A., & Oluwaseun, O. 2017),The study was conducted to
examine the influence of job satisfaction on career commitments of librarians in
universities in Ekiti and Ondo State,Nigeria. Descriptive survey and questionnaire
method were used for the study. The data were analyzed by proper statistical tools. It also
suggest that the university administrators should make available all the necessary
equipments to facilitate librarians’ duties and improve their job performance and also
provide conducive working environment for them.Miller (2009) support the idea that this
definion of job satisfaction is the most refecenced and generally accepted description,
characterizing the necessary component needed to depict what is meant by broad
construct of job satisfaction. Johnson & Birkeland (2003) considered that
characteristics such as race, ethnicity, language, social background and
expectations.would create better relationship among teachers and students if they share
some common .(Hulin & Judge (2003),stated that the concept of job satisfaction should
comprise of multidimensional psychological responses including the three important
aspectsnamely cognitive (evaluative), affective (emotional), and behavioral components.
Dinham & Scott (1998) explains job satisfaction as a dynamic construct indicating how
an employee feels about his or her job.Landsbergis and Terry et al. In their study
explain that work stress and job satisfaction are inversly related .The more levels of work
stress results low levels of job satisfaction”.
Definitions of Job Satisfaction:
De Nobile(2003),Job satisfaction has been defined as the extent to which a staff member
has favourable or positive feelings about work or the work environment.

Spector (1997) defines “job satisfaction asthe degree of satisfaction that employees have
towards their jobs and other aspects of the jobs, andit alsoindicates the level of fairness
and good treatment in the work places. Other researchers view job satisfaction as a term
indicating individual‟s need fulfillment at work”
Ovando and Collier (1985).Job satisfaction among headmasters can positively or
negatively influence the performance on organizational goals.
According to Locke (1976), “job satisfaction is a positive or pleasant emotional state
resulting from a person’s appreciation of his/ her own job”
According to Bruneberg (1976),"Job satisfaction is "the extent to which people like
(satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs"
Objectives of the Study:
The important objectives are as follows:
1.To measure extent of job satisfaction among professional staff working in central,
State university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
2.To assess the extent of job involvement among professional staff working in central
State university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
3. To examine the gender wise relationship between job satisfaction and job
involvement among professional staff of central State university libraries in Delhi and
NCR..
Hypotheses:
In the light of the available theoretical constructs, and review of literature
following major hypothesis were formulated
1. There is no significant difference in job satisfaction of professional library
employees belonging to Central, State university libraries.
2. There is difference in the level of job involvement of employees of two different
types of university libraries.
3. Job satisfaction of library professionals would not be significantly related to their
job involvement.
4. There is a significant difference between the level of job satisfaction score and
job involvement score of male and female groups of library professionals.
Research Methodology:
For this study a well structured questionnaire, observation and interview methods
were used for the collection of data. The researcher will distribute the questionnaires to
the respondent in selected libraries and collected back. The data collected through
questionnaires will be organized and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools &
technique.
Scope and Limitation of Study:
The present study is confined to assess the job satisfaction and job involvement
among library professionals: a comparative study of the Central, State University
Libraries of Delhi and NCR:
1) Jamia Millia Islamia, Library (Central)
2) Chaudhary Charan Singh University,Meerut, Library (State)

Data Collection and Analysis Method: Well-structured questionnaires was used to
collect the data. The collected data was organized quantitatively and analysed by using
statistical tools & technique. This Data was used for the formulation of the findings.
l J.S.S. Job satisfaction Scale developed by Dr. Amar Singh and Dr. T.R.Sharma
(1999) was used to measure the level of job satisfaction of library professionals. The
scale consists of total 30 statements. Every statement of scale had five possible responses
and subjects were asked to tick one of them, as they feel appropriate.
l J.I.Q. Job involvement questionnaire developed by Lodahl and Kejner (1965) was
used to measured the level of job involvement of library professionals. It also contains 20
items at 5-point rating scale.
Table-1 Personal characters of participants working in different Universities at
Delhi and NCR across gender
Personal Characters Gender Total in
(100%)

Male Female
N %age N %age N %age

Participants
Central University 33 49.0% 13 19.0% 46 69.0%
State University 15 22.0% 6 9.0% 21 31.0%
Work experience
1-11 years 17 25.0% 9 13.0% 26 39.0%
12-22 years 21 31.0% 6 9.0% 27 40.0%
23-33 years 10 15.0% 4 6.0% 14 21.0%
Marital Status
Single 1 1.0% 4 6.0% 5 7.0%
Married 47 70.0% 15 22.0% 62 93.%
Nature of the Job
Permanent 34 51.0% 12 18.0% 46 69.0%
Temporary 14 21.0% 7 10.0% 21 31.0%
In Table-1 the brief description about the personal characters of the library employees
working in two different universities (central and state) at Delhi and NCR, the majority
of the participants belong to central university (n=46, 69.0%) out of the total (n=33, 49%)
were males and (n=13, 19%) were females. The participant belongs to state university at
Delhi and NCR were (n= 21, 31%) out of this total (n=15, 22%) was males and (n=6,
9%) were female participants.
Majority of that participants (n=26, 39%) have 1-11 years of working experience at
university level where (n=17, 25%) was males and (n=09, 13%) were females. Many of
the participants (n=27, 33%) have 12 to 22 years of working experiences in university
where (n=21, 31%) are males and (n=6, 9%) are females. Moreover, (n=14,21%) of
participants have 22 to 33 yeas of experience where (n= 10,15%) are males and (n=4,
14%) are female participants.The maximum number of the participants are married
(n=62, 93%) where males are (n=47, 70%) and females are(n=15, 29%) and (n=5,7%) are

single where males are (n=1, 1%) and females are (n=04, 6%). Moreover, majority of the
participants (n=46, 69%) are permanent employee where (n=34,51%) are males and
(n=12, 18%) are females and (n=11, 31%) are working on temporary basis out of total
(n=14, 21%) are males and (n=7, 10%) are females.
Table-2 Mean difference of job satisfaction between central and state university library
employees at Delhi and NCR
Source Group N Mean SD S E M t
Value
P
Value

Negative Job Satisfaction Central 46 16.04 2.19 .32

State 21 13.19 2.89 .63 4.46 .00

Positive Job Satisfaction Central 46 54.26 9.57 1.41

State 21 54.62 13.45 2.93 .12 .91

Total Job Satisfaction Central 46 69.67 9.58 1.41

State 21 63.71 13.12 2.86 2.09 .04

Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
In table-2 Mean scores and SDs of two groups of participants for the measure of negative
job satisfaction one dimension of total job satisfaction showed significant difference (t =
4.46, p < .01). Mean scores show that negative job satisfaction was higher among central
university library employees (M = 16.04, SD = 2.19) as compared to state university
library employees (M = 13.19, SD =2 .89). Positive job satisfaction another dimension of
total job satisfaction was found non-significant. However, total job satisfaction was also
found significant (t = 2.09, p < .05). Mean scores show that total job satisfaction was
higher among central university library employees (M = 69.67, SD = 9.58) as compared
to state university library employees (M = 63.71, SD =13.12).

Table-3 Mean, Standard Deviations and t-test of Job involvement across two groups
of central and state university library employees at Delhi and NCR

Source Group N Mean SD S EM t
value
P
value

Job
involvement

Central 46 65.8 7.816 1.152 4.13 .00
State 21 73.86 6.319 1.379

Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
In table-3 Mean scores and SDs of two groups of participants for the measure of job
involvement showed significant difference (t = 4.13, p < .01). Mean scores show that job
involvement was higher among state university library employees (M = 73.86, SD =
6.31) as compared to central university library employees (M = 65.80, SD =7.81).

Table-4 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job satisfaction and gender
among professional staff working in central university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Negative Job Satisfaction 16.04 2.190 -.03
Positive Job Satisfaction 54.26 9.579 -.30*
Total Job Satisfaction 69.67 9.580 -.43**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
In table-4 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job satisfaction and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals
negative significant difference between positive job satisfaction and gender (r = -.30, p <
.05), and total job satisfaction was also found negatively significant with gender (r = -.43,
p < .01). This indicates that female library employees working in central university
libraries at Delhi and NCR has higher positive job satisfaction as compared to their male
counterparts. Further total job satisfaction was also high among female library employees
working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR.

Table-5 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job satisfaction and gender
among professional staff working in state university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Negative Job Satisfaction 13.81 3.02 .68**
Positive Job Satisfaction 59.86 13.21 .694**
Total Job Satisfaction 74.00 15.71 .701**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
Table-5 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job satisfaction and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals positive
significant difference between negative job satisfaction and gender (r = .68, p < .01), and
positive job satisfaction was also found positively significant with gender (r = .69, p <
.01) and total job satisfaction was also found positively significant with gender (r = .70, p
< .01). This indicates that male library employees working in state university libraries at
Delhi and NCR has higher positive job satisfaction as compared to their female
counterparts. Positive job satisfaction was also found high among male library employees
working in state university libraries at Delhi and NCR as compared to female
counterparts. Further total job satisfaction was high among male library employees
working in state university libraries at Delhi and NCR as compared to female
counterparts as well.
Table-6 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job Involvement and gender
among professional staff working in Central university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Job Involvement 61.24 10.55 -.805**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
Table-6 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job involvement and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals
negative significant difference between job involvement and gender (r = -.80, p < .01),
indicates the reason that male library employees working in central university libraries at
Delhi and NCR has higher job involvement as compared to their female counterparts.
Table-7 Pearson’s coefficient of Correlation between job Involvement and gender
among professional staff working in State university libraries in Delhi and NCR.
Variables Mean SD Gender
Job Involvement 78.38 10.73 .92**
Level of significance **P<. oo1, *P<. o5
Table-7 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to examine the relationship
between Job involvement and gender. Results presented in the table above reveals
positive significant difference between job involvement and gender (r = .92, p < .01),
indicates that female library employees working in state university libraries at Delhi and
NCR has higher job involvement as compared to their male counterparts.
Findings

 Total job satisfaction was higher among central university library employees (M =
69.67, SD = 9.58) as compared to state university library employees (M = 63.71, SD
=13.12).
 Job involvement was higher among state university library employees (M =
73.86, SD = 6.31) as compared to central university library employees (M = 65.80, SD
=7.81).
 Total job satisfaction was also high among female library employees working in
central university libraries at Delhi and NCR.
 Total job satisfaction was high among male library employees working in state
university libraries at Delhi and NCR as compared to female counterparts as well.
 Male library employees working in central university libraries at Delhi and NCR
has higher job involvement as compared to their female counterparts.
 Female library employees working in state university libraries at Delhi and NCR
has higher job involvement as compared to their male counterparts.
Conclusion
After going through these points it's apparently clear that people that are actually
pleased with their careers not just get up much better quality of work, but are also are far
more happy & content. What lots of people don't recognize is the fact that when
selecting your career path or maybe work profiles, you should not make your choices
based on other people’s opinions. On the contrary, you have to stick to your own heart
and consider your personal needs & aspirations. In case you would like to succeed in
your professional life it becomes essential that you currently take choices to keep your
own pursuits in your brain. Study has concluded that there's a connection between job
satisfaction in addition to the functionality of the workers. As a result, work satisfaction
or maybe work dissatisfaction is actually a crucial matter of control. Higher job
fulfillment could result in enhanced efficiency, decreased turnover, as well as enhanced
attendance, decreased mishaps, fewer work emotional stress as well as much less
unionization. Job dissatisfaction creates low morale and can make the employees at the
office feel extremely unwanted.

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